A timeline of the key political occasions which have fashioned Indian politics and democracy in 70 years of independence
New Delhi: At 70, India has come a long way from the u . s . a . the British exited in 1947, and which they believed (and hoped) might now not live to tell the tale in its then form. India has when you consider that evolved right into a colourful constitutional democracy and made speedy strides in numerous domains (even though there is lots of labor nonetheless to be carried out).
Over the following few days, to mark 70 years of Independence, Mint will profile 70 milestones across the years, and across domains—politics, enterprise, leisure and game.
prepare by using Mint’s journalists and editors, those absolutely subjective listings are some distance from comprehensive, as is handiest to be predicted whilst one is managing the seven-decade-antique submit-independence history of a country as big and complicated as India.
1947: India profits independence from British rule.
1947: India fights first battle with Pakistan after Pakistani tribesmen supported by using the military invade Jammu and Kashmir.
1948: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated via Nathuram Godse.
1948: Indian troops input the Nizam-dominated princely nation of Hyderabad under Operation Polo and annex the nation.
1949: The Indian Constituent assembly adopts Article 370 of the charter,making sure special fame and inner autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir.
1951: top Minister Jawaharlal Nehru introduces India’s first 5-12 months plan, which defines the Nehruvian version of centralized monetary making plans and improvement. The Soviet-fashion 5-yr plan also creates a generally Indian version of blended economy and large authorities.
1952: India holds its first widespread elections.
1954: Jammu and Kashmir’s accession to India is ratified by the state’s constituent assembly
1956: Second five-year plan presented, with a focus on rapid industrialization.
1957: Jammu and Kashmir approves its own constitution, modelled on the lines of India’s.
1959: The Dalai Lama escapes to India. India’s sheltering of the Tibetan spiritual leader is seen as a trigger for the 1962 war with China.
1960: Bombay state is split along linguistic lines, forming Maharashtra and Gujarat, after a series of violent protests.
1961: Indian Army liberates Goa from the Portuguese; it becomes a Union Territory.
1962: French-ruled Pondicherry (now Puducherry) becomes part of India as a Union Territory.
1962: China’s People’s Liberation Army invades India in Ladakh, and across the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency (now Arunachal Pradesh),inflicting heavy damage on Indian forces.
1964: Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front floated to launch an armed struggle for an independent and unified Kashmir.
1965: India’s second war with Pakistan over Kashmir .
1966: Punjab is divided into 3 states alongside linguistic lines—Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab
1967: Laying the foundation of the inexperienced Revolution, farmers harvest the primary crop of excessive-yielding wheat
1967: Armed peasant rebel in Naxalbari in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal gathers momentum.
1969: Indian area studies organisation (Isro) founded
1969: authorities nationalizes 14 fundamental Indian scheduled industrial banks to serve the needs of development.
1970: Meghalaya is shaped as an self reliant state inside Assam in 1970. It becomes a separate kingdom in 1972 with Shillong as its capital under the North eastern regions (Re-business enterprise) Act,1971. The Act finally creates the states of Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and gift-day Assam.
1971: India fights 0.33 battle with Pakistan; East Pakistan breaks far from Pakistan and Bangladesh is born as an unbiased kingdom.
1972: India and Pakistan signal the Simla %, under which the two aspects agree to type out variations and disputes bilaterally.
1974: India conducts peaceful nuclear check at Pokhran, comes under global sanctions.
1975: The Congress government imposes Emergency.
1975: Socialist chief Jayaprakash Narayan leads the anti-Emergency motion.
1977: Emergency ends, first non-Congress government elected at the centre.
1980: The BJP is fashioned after inner differences in the Janata birthday party bring about the fall apart of the Janata government in 1979.
1980: 6th 5-year plan marks the beginning of financial reforms.
1983: N.T. Rama Rao-led Telugu Desam party bureaucracy government in Andhra Pradesh for the first time.
1984: Operation Blue big name is released to force out the Sikh extremist spiritual leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the premises of the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
1984: top minister Indira Gandhi assassinated by using of her Sikh bodyguards.
1984: greater than three,500 human beings die and 500,000 are injured within the Bhopal gasoline Tragedy following the leakage of toxic methyl isocyanate from Union Carbide India Ltd’s pesticide plant within the metropolis
1987: India-Sri Lanka p.c. signed to establish peace and normalcy in Sri Lanka after tensions among majority Sinhala and minority Tamils. India deploys troops in Sri Lanka to ensure peace.
1988: prime minister Rajiv Gandhi visits China and meets Deng Xiaoping—the first visit to China via an Indian top minister in 34 years; they agree to installation a joint operating organization to make certain peace within the border regions and make concrete hints for usual decision of the boundary question within a definite time body.
1989: Outbreak of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir.
1989: Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from Jammu and Kashmir
1990: Cauvery tribunal fashioned to solve 150-year-antique river water dispute among Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
1990: V.P. Singh authorities tables Mandal fee pointers for 27% reservation for OBC applicants in all levels of presidency services.
1991: economic liberalization opens the economic system to foreign and personal funding.
1992: The Babri Masjid in demolished.
1993: series of bomb blasts in Bombay (now Mumbai).
1998: India conducts 5 nuclear assessments, joins club of countries possessing nuclear weapons. Pakistan tests six atomic weapons in response.
1999: prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visits Lahore inside the inaugural run of the Delhi-Lahore bus. the two nations signal Lahore p.c. committing both to bilateral dispute decision.
1999: Delhi-bound Indian airways flight IC-814 hijacked from Kathmandu to Kandahar in Afghanistan by Harqat-ul-Ansar. After a week’s negotiations with the Indian authorities, militants Maulana Masood Azhar, Syed Umar Sheikh and Mushtaq Latram Jerger launched in alternate for the hostages.
1999: Indian navy evicts Pakistani navy regulars and militants from the heights of Kargil in the Line of manage in Kashmir.
2000: The states of Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand are shaped.
2001: 5 terrorists of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed hurricane Indian Parliament.
2002: Communal violence breaks out in Gujarat after a coach of Sabarmati specific is about on fire at Godhra railway station.
2005: proper to records Act implemented.
2006: national Rural Employment assure Act, 2005, implemented.
2008: Ten participants of Lashkar-e-Taiba carry out a chain of coordinated capturing and bombing attacks at specific locations, which include Taj motel, in Mumbai.
2010: unique identification Authority of India troubles the primary Aadhaar card to Ranjana Sonawne, a resident of Tembhli village in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra.
2011: India towards Corruption motion launched in opposition to Congress-led United innovative Alliance (UPA) government.
2011: world’s longest running democratic Left rule comes to an quit as Mamata Banerjee defeats communists in West Bengal, riding on the success of an anti-land acquisition movement.
2014: The BJP wins a parliamentary majority for the primary time, under the leadership of Narendra Modi; BJP-led national Democratic Alliance paperwork government.
2014: India’s twenty ninth nation, Telangana, is created. Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) paperwork the first authorities inside the state.
2014: The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, the government’s flagship monetary inclusion programme, is released.
2015: India and Bangladesh switch extra than one hundred sixty enclaves.
2015: India invitations US president Barack Obama to be the chief guest at Republic Day parade, the primary time a US president is invited for the event
2016: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) launched to offer LPG connections to girls below the poverty line with out prematurely expenses.
2016: The BJP makes inroads within the north-east, paperwork authorities in Assam.
2016: authorities broadcasts demonetisation of Rs500 and Rs1000 notes.
2017: the goods and offerings tax introduced from 1 July.
2017: The BJP creates history with landslide win within the Uttar Pradesh assembly election.
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